Calculate descriptive statistics: min, max, quartiles, mean, SD, SEM, CI, CV, skewness, kurtosis.

Mean or geometric mean with confidence intervals.

Frequency distributions (bin to histogram), including cumulative histograms.

Normality testing by four methods (new: Anderson-Darling).

Lognormality test and likelihood of sampling from normal (Gaussian) vs. lognormal distribution.

Create QQ Plot as part of normality testing.

One sample t test or Wilcoxon test to compare the column mean (or median) with a theoretical value.

Identify outliers using Grubbs or ROUT method.

Analyze a stack of P values, using Bonferroni multiple comparisons or the FDR approach to identify “significant” findings or discoveries.